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      THE USE OF ACCOUTING INFORMATION IN ANALYSING THE FINACIAL POSITION OF A FIRM

                                                  (A CASE STUDY OF CAP NIGERIA PLC)

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this work is to use accounting information in analyzing the financial position of a firm. The work was written after a careful research and review of accounting information, the users and the uses and its application in analyzing the financial position of a firm taking chemical and allied product (CAP PLC) as a case study.

The researcher was inspired by the preponderance of business failure in the preponderance of business failure in the economy, most of these have been due to wrong analysis, interpretation and application of financial statements that is the balance sheet and the profit and loss account, for the purpose of through coverage of the topic under discussion. This study comprises of five chapters. The first chapter dealt with an introduction of the crucial issues, chapter two covered a review of related literature on the subject, and chapter three is on research methodology used in the study both primary and secondary data collection. The case study focused on the chemical and allied product plc. Also the historical background of the company was highlighted. The descriptive method of research was largely employed in this study and the financial reports of the chemical and allied product from 1993-1997 were the main source of data complementary sources of data from textbooks, journals, interviews and direct observation were also employed.

Chapter four focused on data presentation and analysis of findings. Data were collected, computed, analyzed, and presented using tables, charts and time series analysis. The research findings revealed that chemical and Allied product consider all financial ratios computer.

Chapter five dealt with summary of dings, recommendations and conclusion on completion of this study among other things that chemical and allied product plc should conjure to make use of toward ratios in analyzing the financial position of their firm since it use obviously had to improve overall performance in the company.

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION                                                         1
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM                    2
3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY                         2
4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS                                  3
5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY                     4
6. SCOPE OF THE STUDY                                    5
7. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY                          5

CHAPTER TWO-

LITERATURE REVIEW

1. INTRODUCTION                                                         6
2. ACCOUNTING INFORMATION                                 6
3. THE USERS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION     6
4. THE USES OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION        7
5. THE NIGERIAN ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

BOARD                                                                         10

1. THE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING

STANDARDS COMMITTEE                                       12

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES, CONCEPTS,

METHODS AND BASES                                             13

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES OF CAP. PLC.                  17
2. ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS                                        19
3. ACCOUNTING METHODS                                         21
4. FINANCIAL STATEMENT                                          23
5. ACCOUNTING POLICIES OF CAP. PLC.                  27     
6. CONCEP OF FINANCIAL RATIOS                            28

CHAPTER THREE- 

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

1. INTRODUCTION                                                                   33
2. SOURCES OF DATA                                                   33
3. PRIMARY SOURCES                                                  33
4. SECONDARY SOURCES                                            34
5. METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS                                34

CHAPTER FOUR-

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

1. INTRODUCTION                                                                   35
2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE CAP PLC.   36
3. METHOD OF STUDY                                                  38
4. TYPES OF FINANCIAL RATIOS                                38
5. THE 1993 CALCULATIONS OF ANNUAL REPORT OF CAP PLC.                                            40
6. THE 1994 CALCULATIONS OF ANNUAL

REPORT OF CAP PLC.                                                47

1. THE 1995 CALCULATIONS OF ANNUAL

REPORT OF CAP PLC.                                                50

1. THE 1996 CALCULATIONS OF ANNUAL

REPORT OF CAP PLC.                                                54

1. THE 1997 CALCULATIONS OF ANNUAL

REPORT OF CAP PLC.                                                57

1. COMMENTS ON RACH OF THE FINANCIAL

RATIOS (SUMMARY)                                                 60

CHAPTER FIVE-

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

1. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS                                         68
2. RECOMMENDATIONS                                               69
3. CONCLUSION                                                              71
4. BIBLIOGRAHPY                                                                   73

 

CHAPTER ONE

1.1     INTRODUCTION

          Financial statement can be defined as a means of communicating to interesting parties, information on the resources obligation and performances of the reporting entity. The financial statement consists of balance sheet, profit and loss statement or income statement, notes on the accounts source and application of funds or cash flow statements, value added statement and 5 years historical financial summary.

          Every business entity should provide information about its activities because the stakeholders, such as shareholders, bondholders, bankers, lenders suppliers, employees, management, trade contacts, government, financial analyst and advisors, all need to monitor how well their interest are being served. They rely on the periodic financial statement of business enterprises to provide the basic information on the profitability of the business. The financial position of a firm is very important to know if they are making expected turnover. It is also important