VIEWER SHIP OF TELEVISION PROGRAMME IN ENUGU STATE (CASE STUDY OF IMT STUDENTS)
This research work was carried out in order to find out what the students of IMT Enugu thinks or feels about television programmes in Enugu State. The research also attempted to look into other people’s work related to the research topic. During the research, the students of IMT were used as the case of study, questionnaires were the major instrument of study. Random sampling method was applied to obtain the portion of the population on whom the instrument were administered. Responses were analysed based on percentage. Furthermore, the significant problems and questions for this research were spelt out in order to help, uphold or reject certain assumption. The data collected from the questionnaires made it possible for the researcher to get the answers to the questions which for long has been agitating my mind. It was noted that television programmes have great impact on human behaviour. The study was able to find out actually what the students of IMT think or feel about the positive or negative effect towards television programmes in Enugu State. The research also made recommendations on what should be done to make our television content more result oriented and interesting.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Statement of problem 3
Research questions 6
Significance of study 6
Purpose of study 9
Limitation of study 9
Delimitation 10
Bibliography 39
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
This study centres on the viewership of television programmes by the students of IMT in Enugu North Local Government as the case study. It has a double aimed.
Firstly, it is in behavioural pattern of the students toward television programmes one of the outstanding features of the media communication is composition of the audience. The audience of television is highly nitrogenous with members having several distinctive characteristics, different interest and they and scattered in all over the nation with different socio-economic strata. Based on the heterogeneity of the audience, it is obvious that views differs among members of mass media audience while some use a particular station programme others depend on the other.
Some may want to watch entertainment programmes while some might prefer thoughtful vital programmes like news, current affairs, commentaries or documentaries depending on their likes. One of the plans in which an audience is active is through the use of selective exposure. It is the tendency of accepting to express yourself to communication that goes with your own value system, attitudes and view point. The concept of self selective exposure helps the active audience to control what he watches, to what he listens to and read, selective reading and listening are the function of selective exposure.
You can buy the newspaper of your choice, and you can also watch the movie you like, you chose from many television programmes and radio, and if you find yourself watching something you do not like, you can tune to another channel. Different views have been presented in an attempt to determining why people watch television programmes. This can be identified with the following selective exposure which selective perception, selective retention and selective interpretation and the escapism.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Television has been acclaimed as one of the dependable means of communication, and the role of television is to inform, educate and entertain. Among other function of television are socialization, integration, debate and discussion. However, some stations fulfil these objectives to or aims more than other stations. The extent to which television programme are watched is partly a function of the disposition of the audience members towards such a station. The students constitute a considerable segment of television audience in Nigeria.
The need for audience analysis of their nature, therefore cannot be emphasized.
Television programme producers try to attract a large audience or viewers, especially in competitive environment. The competition becomes high when there are more stations competing for the same audience. There is the tendency for viewers to select the type of station or programmes they watch. Most audience research findings suggest that economic factors and demographic factor influence television viewers original disposition and some other factors have been identified as reasons for different viewing habits of television audience. In this suggestion time for the viewing habit of television, programmes by the students of IMT, which type of programme to the students prefer entertainment news, documentary, talks, etc. Does the quality of the programme affect their viewing habit? Is the viewing habit of the students due to time factor or does their occupation play some role? Is it because the television programme are not national in coverage? The dominant question for this viewship is what essentially informs of human needs and purpose sustained in mass media institution. The study or research will be concerned with determining television programmes that have the widest viewership among the students. The factors for the preference of one television programme over others will also be examined in the
HYPOTHESIS
Hi: Students have positive attitude towards television programmes.
Ho: Students have positive attitude towards television programmes.
H2: Some students of IMT pay more attention to a particular programmes on television.
Ho: Some students of IMT do not pay more attention to a particular programmes on television.
H3: Some students want it to be produced Educational and entertainment.
Ho: Some students want it to be produced informational only.
H4: IMT students are the targeted audience.
H5: Some students want the programme to be aimed on television for 30 minutes.
Ho: Some students do not want the research or survey.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
It is important to realize that information can have substantial impact influence and effect on the society. Also to make people perform, accept or reject certain innovations, the medium through which information comes must possess credibility. Furthermore, the audience of the mass media is diversed anonymous, wide spread and comprises of various political, social, economic and interest groups of which students of IMT are among.
Besides, since the credibility of the media is a function of the perception of their audience, and when the public does not believe the information they receive from the news media or think the media are omitting important facts, there will be increased reliance on informal source of information and the consequences can be very serious. Since the mass media and their audience are highly inter-related and interdependent every station should strive to commend a favourable attitude in the eyes of the audience. It is imperative also for every broadcaster to know who his audience is, his rating among them, what they think of him, his station and it’s programmes, whether the rating of his programmes and station are high or low. He can improve on his performance and this enhances his image and the credibility of his station.
The need of this study therefore is to find out the television viewing habits/attitudes of the IMT students towards television programmes. The habits/attitudes survey is very critical in determining the effects of television programme on selected audience, because it is only after a subject has observed the effects of a phenomenon that the subject can form a reasonable attitude towards that phenomenon.
According to Parker (1974) “The sooner each new technology is studied, the greater the chance of bringing to use the research results to influence policy in a meaningful way”.
From this, it can be deduced that it is necessary to examine the television viewing habits/attitudes of the students since it is only when this is know that the station would be in a better position to plan and restructure its programmes to appeal to both its enlightened and unenlightened public audience. It is also hoped that this findings will serve as a stimulant for further investigation by interested professionals.
PURPOSE OF STUDY
This study aims towards inquiring and finding out what arouses the students of IMT viewing attitude towards television programes. Also to in identify what propels them to do and ignore other stations or programes. It is also aimed at measuring the level of the students interest in the vital contents of television programmes.
LIMITATION OF STUDY
In carrying out a study of this nature as is usually the case with most human endeavours, certain constraints are variously encountered. In the course of the distribution of questionnaire, certain problems were encountered such as, to get the materials or books to put up the literature review of this paper, constituted a problem because the school reference department don’t have enough books to back up the topic under discussion, some respondent did not accept to fill in the questionnaire on the ground that they cannot afford wasting their limited time which they would have utilized to work and fill in questionnaire.
Besides, this research work goes paripasu with my degree exams so it was quite difficult for the researcher to travel far to collect the necessary materials for this study.
LIMITATION OF STUDY
In case of the student’s viewship of television programmes in Enugu State, the study will only be concerned with the students viewing habit. That is their attitudinal disposition to television programmes in Enugu State. It will exclude what they do with the information they gather from television, rather it dealt with their viewing habit towards television programmes.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
TELEVISION: It is a system of transmitting and receiving audio-visual broadcasting programes through the air waves.
HABIT: Somebody’s way of doing things especially that which cannot easily be given up.
ATTITUDE: A way of feeling, thinking or behaviours among human beings.
BROADCASTING: Sending out of information idea, opinion, etc through the air wave to the audience.
VIEWING: It is the act of being able to watch and hear or trying to watch something.
SELECTIVE EXPOSURE: It is the tendency of willingly exposing yourself to communication that accords with your own value system, attitude and view point.
SELECTIVE PERCEPTION: It is tending to see what you want to see in a message and reject a contradictory ones.
SELECTIVE INTERPRETATION: Interpreting message according to disposition and bias.
SELECTIVE RETENTION OR RECALLS: Trying to retain in your memory a message or aspect of message that appeals to you and forget others and to recall such message or aspect when necessary.
ESAPISM: Habit of escaping from pleasant realities into a world of fancy.
COMMUNICATION: Exchanging of information experience and ideas among people. Mass communication therefore is the process of transmitting information, ideas and attitudes to a relatively large and diversified audience simultaneously.
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