Pollutant emissions in Enugu urban are generally from the combustion of petroleum products and to a negligible extent, solid waste disposal by open burning. The quantity of petroleum products consumed within Enugu urban was obtained in the spot” from the functional fuel stations in the area. The results showed that Nitrogen Oxide (No) has the highest annual concentration of 2309.11mg/m3. next is particulates (1075.8 mg/m3), hydrocarbons (378.32mg/m3), sulphur dioxide (1705.8mg/m3), and lastly, carbon monoxide (85.05mg/m3). A comparison of pollutant concentrations with WHO quality standards showed that pollutant emissions within the study area (Enugu Urban) are well within safe limits although the pollutant concentrations will increase as the population and economy continue to grow. Several recommendations were proferred towards the effective control of pollutant emissions into the study area. these include the improvement of the efficiency of fuels, the remobilization of automobile engines, establishment of more road network and traffic decongestion, and the promulgation of anti-air pollutant laws. This emission inventory is recommend for the planning and development of this great metropolitan area called Enugu.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1a Air pollution 1
1.1b Emission factors and Emission Inventory 2
2.0 Literature Review 6
2.32 Water pollution 58
2.33 Land pollution 83
3.0 Methodology 100
from petroleum products. 100
Conclusion 113
Reference 117
Appendix 119
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1A AIR POLLUTION
Though most people tend to associate air pollution problems with the advent of the industrial revolution, such problems in one form or another have plagued the human race for centuries. The earliest pollutants noted in the atmosphere were probably of natural origin: Smoke, fumes, ash and gases from volcanoes and forest fires, sand and dust from windstorms in arid regions; fog in humid, low-lying areas; and natural terpenehazes from pine trees in mountainous regions were part of our environment long before human induced (anthropogenic) problems came on the scene.
Indeed, several of the above-mentioned natural problems would surely have qualified as “air pollution” under this generally accepted definition of pollution of ambient, or outdoor air:
“Air pollution is the presence in the outdoor
atmosphere of one or more air contaminants
(ie dust, fumes, mist, odour, smoke or vapour)
in sufficient quantities of such characteristics,
and of such duration as to be or to threaten
to be injurious to human, plant, or animal
life, or to property, or which reasonably
interferes with the comfortable enjoyment….
produce, their projected emission of pollutants and the frequency duration, and relative contribution of pollutant emissions from each source.
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